Describe the observations of observer A and B
Observer A and B have light clocks that time 1 nanosecond every time the light reflects through a cycle. Observer B is inside a carriage glass box travelling at velocity v, relative to observer A. Since the carriage is moving, it would appear to Observer A that the the distance is greater with the same constant speed. Thus, the light leaving the lower surface and returning would be greater than 1 nanosecond. Observer B would see the event happening in 1 nanosecond since he is inside the carriage.
Light clock: a beam of light reflected between two parallel mirrors may be used to measure time
H3.2 Define Proper time interval
Proper time interval: it is the time measured in a frame where the events take place at the same point in space.This turns out to be the shortest possible time that an observer could correctly record for an event.
H3.4 annotated graph showing the variation with relative velocity of the Lorenz factor
At low velocities, the Lorenz factor is approximately equal to one - relativistic effect are negligible. It approaches infinity near the speed of light.
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